Botanical Garden

The Botanical Garden of the University of Latvia was founded in 1922. On its territory of 15 hectares there are greenhouse and street collections, including approximately 6,000 plants. The Botanical Garden is one of the most favorite holiday destinations in Riga. You can leisurely go around a compact but informative territory, meet representatives of flora from around the world, visit greenhouses of plants, azaleas and tropical butterflies, and just enjoy nature in the midst of urban life. Amateur gardeners who are interested in botany, and those who want to spend time in a beautiful and well-groomed environment and at the same time learn something new – here everyone will find something interesting for themselves.

Tropical Butterfly Greenhouse

The botanical garden of the University of Latvia opened the only tropical greenhouse with tropical insects from the tropics of South America, Asia and Africa in the Baltics. In nature, butterflies flutter in flocks on sunny warm lawns. They feed on floral nectar and ripe fruit juice. Now you can also experience tropical exoticism in the greenhouse of tropical butterflies: feel the touch of a fluttering wing, the smell of tropical plants, the stuffiness of the air. No less interesting than the butterflies are their pupae, which can be viewed in different sizes and colors through the glass of the incubator.

Botanical Garden

The collection of the botanical garden is extensive and carefully selected. In the botanical garden you can get acquainted with protected plants, medicinal herbs and toxic plants of Latvia. Most of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum are not typical of the Latvian flora, for example, witch hazel, cedars, lilacs, walnuts, gingko, mulberries, roses, cork trees and edible chestnuts. The garden features a collection of perennials, lilies, dahlias, herbaceous perennials and other ornamental plants. As part of a special exhibition, you can get acquainted with marsh plants, as well as mosses and lichens. In the greenhouses there are various tropical and subtropical, as well as desert plants, including cacti.

Each visitor to the Botanical Garden will be able to choose a plant for home, garden, pond and other purposes from a wide range of presented plants. From the specialists working here, you can get comprehensive information on horticulture and floriculture, as well as plant protection and the features of caring for them. In addition, by prior arrangement, it is possible to take part in seminars covering plant propagation issues, especially their cultivation, information on plant diseases and pests, as well as on their use in everyday life.

In the middle of summer, during the flowering of linden in the botanical garden, a holiday is held gathering gardeners, breeders, and gardeners who like to enjoy the achievements of Latvian gardeners, a variety of garden plants, be inspired by ideas for their garden and feel the summer, enjoying the magic of colors, sounds and smells. During the exhibition, you can buy and sell plants, goods and books on gardening.

A visit to the Botanical Garden is a great opportunity to get acquainted with plants around the world, as well as look at interesting and unusual plants, learn about the features of their cultivation and care for them.

Contacts Botanical Garden:

Address: Kandavas iela 2, Riga, LV-1083
Phone: +371 67450852
E-mail: botaniskais.darzs@lu.lv

Cathedral of the Nativity

The need to build a new cathedral in Riga was discussed at the end of the 18th century. But the practical implementation of this idea began to be realized only after a hundred years. With the blessing of the Bishop of Riga and Mitava, Benjamin (Karelin), in the seventies of the 19th century, collection of donations for the future church began. Six months later, Prince Bagration, being the Governor General of the Baltic Region, sent a petition to the Minister of Internal Affairs of Russia to build a worthy cathedral in Riga.

Nature itself “joined” the petition. September 1, 1873 a storm broke out over Riga. One of the lightning strikes fell on Petro – Pavlovsky Cathedral. Collapsed the top cornice of the bell tower. Fire destroyed part of the painting. In many places, gilding disappeared. The windows were left without windows. The cathedral, which was already extremely cramped and modest in decoration, began to require significant repairs.

This fact accelerated the resolution of the issue. On April 17, 1874, at the behest of Alexander II, the Diocese of Riga was allocated 900 thousand rubles.

At this time, three famous Riga architects J.-F. Bauman, G. Schel and R. Pflug have already completed work on their projects for the future cathedral.

Each project took place in Riga, St. Petersburg and Moscow with a competent expert assessment. As a result, in December 1875, on the project of Academician Pflug, the resolution of Alexander II was inscribed: “Proceed to the construction …”

Construction was commissioned on a competitive basis. Preference was given to the Vilnius provincial architect, academician Chagin.

The consecration of the bookmark of the cathedral took place on July 3, 1876. The first stone in the future building was laid by the bishop of Riga and Mitava Seraphim (Protopopov).

By the beginning of the 80s of the XIX century, the construction of the building was almost completed. But at this time, Alexander III sent 12 bells to the temple as a gift. The largest, in the name of Alexander Nevsky, weighed more than 800 pounds. Each bell was an outstanding work of art casting. They were cast at the factory of the Moscow merchant Nikolai Dmitrievich Finland. The bell was cast by one of the outstanding masters of the late 19th century Xenophon Verevkin.

This ensemble of bells required a special architectural solution for their placement. R. Pflug was commissioned with additional design. The architect’s project was very successful. The bell tower above the main entrance to the temple created a special perspective. Performed in a single architectural style with the cathedral, it gave great volume to a very tall building as a whole.

Eight years later, the construction of the temple was completely completed. April 24, 1884 he was transferred to the jurisdiction of the spiritual department. And on Saturday, October 27, 1884, the first ringing of all 12 bells of the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ the Savior was heard over Riga for the first time.

Soon the Riga Cathedral became the universally recognized spiritual center of not only Riga, but the whole region. Many prominent representatives of the clergy take part in its activity. In a number of sources, information has been preserved that in September 1894, Archpriest John of Kronstadt, who was now considered a saint, performed the service here.

At the head of the multilateral activities of the cathedral were its abbots. The first of them is Archpriest V. S. Knyazev. Professor of church-biblical history, canon law and church archeology, he contributed in every way to enriching the spiritual, moral and aesthetic level of the church’s activity, wider involvement of Orthodox Riga residents in the history of culture, and original traditions.

In the first decade of the 20th century, Archpriest V. I. Plis, teacher of the Riga Theological Seminary, is appointed the rector of the cathedral. Thanks to outstanding representatives of the clergy and highly educated residents of Riga, the prestige of the cathedral was exceptionally high, especially since the services were performed here in four languages: Church Slavonic, Latvian, Estonian and German.

According to contemporaries, every visit to the cathedral brought people peace of mind, the joy of a highly spiritual state. To a large extent this was facilitated by the special inner atmosphere of the temple, its decoration, the general harmony of everything around.

Carved iconostases and choirs had a single artistic solution. They were decorated with patterned columns, a gilded ornament of cast zinc, and unique wood carvings. Of particular artistic value were openwork gilded gates of the main aisle. Church utensils fit into the general style of the cathedral. All her items were made of silver of the 84th test by skilled craftsmen of the Moscow manufacturer Khlebnikov.

For several years the sacristy of the cathedral was created. The vestments of the clergy sewed the best gold seamstresses of the brocade workshop of the St. Petersburg merchant Zheverzheev. Unfortunately, the authors and performers of these unique products have remained unknown.

A truly priceless treasure of the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ the Savior was his collection of icons. They were performed on canvas and zinc, white metal and cypress wood. They were written on a golden background, focusing on samples of ancient church painting. Many people donated icons to the cathedral and personally participated in the enrichment of this outstanding collection of icon paintings, some of which have been preserved since the founding of the Diocese of Riga (1850).

The icons of the earliest writing included those that were transferred by a procession from the Peter and Paul Cathedral on the day of the consecration of the new cathedral. A significant part of the icons was commissioned by the construction committee. Outstanding artists became their authors. Brushes of V.V. Vereshchagin belonged to the church icons “Nativity of Christ”, “Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary” and “St. Alexander Nevskiy”. He was also the author of the icons of the first tier of the main iconostasis and the Royal Doors.

The icons of the second and third tiers of the main iconostasis were painted by the artist Vasiliev. Among the works of K. Shamshin, the icons “The Virgin and Child” and “John the Baptist” are known.

Among the donors of the icons were not only Riga residents, but also residents of many other places, in particular St. Petersburg and Moscow.

It is known that in the main and additional church and sacristy inventories 850 items were listed. All of them had church, historical, artistic and material value. These included church painting, liturgical books, vestments, miter, carpets, and much, much more. A significant part of these unique values ​​was donated by Riga residents. There were so many Riga benefactors that it was not possible to name all of them. Gifts came from Riga merchants, high society circles, and various societies.

In general, more than half a million rubles were spent on the construction of the cathedral. The internal arrangement cost 140,212 rubles 87 kopecks. This at a time when a pound (400 g) of bread was worth 2 kopecks, and meat – 15, a thousand times cheaper than now, silver.

The tragic turn in the fate of the temple began in the First World War. In 1918, the Riga Municipality actually closed the cathedral. Worship in it was forbidden. And when Archbishop John Pommer arrived in Latvia at the invitation of the All-Latvian Council of Orthodox Parishes, he found the church in disastrous condition.

Windows without glass. The bell tower without its unique bells. The decoration is defiled. Dear, artwork, the iconostases are warped, piled in a heap. Damaged painting, crucifix thrown into the trash. Everything that was valuable disappeared. To this day, they still argue about who is to blame and where the most valuable monuments of Orthodox church art and centuries-old culture have gone. There are many versions, but little has been returned.

The difficult path to resurrection began with the fact that His Eminence Archbishop John (Pommer), in order to prevent the further destruction of the church, to collect everything that remained and could be put in order, restored, settled in the basement of the cathedral. The stove was folded for heating. Gradually, at the cost of considerable efforts and hard struggle, the restoration of the temple began. The residents of Riga helped those Russians who suddenly became emigrants, lost everything, lost their roof over their heads.

The activity of the cathedral was resumed with difficulty. At first, a special permission of the authorities was required for each service. And only from Christmas 1922 the cathedral began its daily service. The service was performed in Church Slavonic and Latvian languages.

By the mid-30s, the cathedral was put in order, the painting was updated. There was a stubborn struggle for the return of the former property of the cathedral, including icons, church utensils. The temple again became the spiritual center of Riga.

A new blow was dealt by the Second World War. Again the ruin and resurrection of the cathedral again. After the war, ordinary spiritual life went on. The Cathedral continued to be a spiritual pillar for many, many people who knew the horrors and troubles of this monstrous war.

But the fact that the two world wars and the revolution did not destroy was ruined in the 60s. By order of the Council of Ministers on October 5, 1963, the cathedral was closed. This time everything was destroyed and taken away. From the cathedral there were only walls. But they are also mutilated, they are covered with reinforced concrete, and floors are made. Build and remodel the internal space, destroying the painting. Dealers from “knowledge” turn the temple into a profitable place and have been exploiting it for thirty years.

Only in July 1991 did the difficult path to resurrection begin. Almost five years was dismantling. The difficulty was that the ceiling, unknown as laid, posed a threat to the walls of the building itself. Not only significant funds were required, but also extreme caution. Of particular difficulty was the restoration of the central dome.

The spiritual life of the cathedral began in difficult conditions on January 6, 1992, when His Eminence Vladyka Alexander performed the first service. Since then, regular worship services have begun. At the same time, with incredible difficulties, but continuously, day after day, restoration work was carried out. Every step in this direction from year to year is given with great difficulty. Now the Cathedral is beautifully painted. All domes are covered with copper, a new roof is made. Gilded cross on the central dome. But much remains to be done.

Families of benefactors Vladimir Ivanovich Malyshkov and Igor Vladimirovich Malyshkov donated a beautiful iconostasis.

Through the efforts of many, many people, the triple-risen “Riga”, as it is popularly called, the Nativity of Christ Cathedral, has already found its rightful place in the spiritual and cultural life of Latvia.

Information taken from the official website of the Riga Cathedral – http://sobor.lv/

St. James Cathedral

St. Jacob’s Cathedral in Riga is the main Catholic church in Latvia, the fourth largest church in Riga. The cathedral. St. James is a brick gothic monument. The first mention of the church, located on the site of the present cathedral, dates from 1225. This date, engraved on the central western facade of the church, is considered the presumptive year of the construction of the Church of St. James.

During the reformation in 1552, parishioners risked holding the first Lutheran service in Riga’s history in this church. In 1524, during the peak of anti-Catholic unrest, St. Jacob’s Church, like most of the Catholic churches of the city, was defeated, which resulted in the almost complete destruction of the interior.

During the siege of the city by Russian troops of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich several shells fall into the church of St. James. Two of them in memory of the siege of Riga were walled up in the walls of the central facade, and two more – in the altar.

Throughout its history, the church changed its religion several times and was partially rebuilt. In 1756, an octagonal-shaped pointed spire was added to the main church building. In 1782, a new central portal was built. Since 1923, the Church of St. James once again belongs to the Catholic religion.

The height of the church tower, including the spire, is 80 meters. In the interior, you can see a floral ornament adorning the capitals in the choirs of the church. This type of ornament is rare for the church canon of Gothic sculptural decoration. Initially, the church was of the hall type, today it is a three-nave structure, comprising in plan 27 by 50 meters. In general, the interior of the church is quite simple and concise, which, however, corresponds to the concept of designing Catholic sacred structures. In 1736, a traditional weather vane in the form of a rooster was placed on the spire of the church tower, which we can see today.

In 1680, an altar was created in the church, which at that time was the main royal Lutheran church. It is assumed that it is the earliest baroque altar in Latvia. Who is the creator of this altar is unknown. In 1902, a decision was made to eliminate the altar, which had already fallen into disrepair. 2 craftsmen were invited to build the new one: woodcarver Jacob Schrade and sculptor Christoph Mittelhausen. Despite the fact that the old altar was dismantled, something remained of it, namely the carved figure of the angels adorning it, which are stored in the Museum of the History of Riga and Navigation. In 1924, a new altar appeared, which was already the third in a row.

One of the interesting elements of the interior of the church of St. James is the department. It is made in the Empire style, it was made by the master August Gothilf Heybel in 1810. The department was made of red wood, intarsions with rich floral ornaments and exquisite arabesques were placed on its area. In general, the peculiarity of the temple is a mixture of architectural styles in the interior of the church, while on the outside it is relatively homogeneous.

In 1761, organ master Heinrich Andrei Konzius set about creating an organ for the church. To this day, this body has not been preserved. The new one was made in 1913, the master E. Martin became the creator of the modern organ. The windows of the Cathedral of St. James are covered with stained-glass windows, the creation of which dates back to the last century. So, three bright stained glass windows that adorn the windows of the eastern wall of the choir were made in 1902 in the Art Nouveau style.